The wind business

Land

Land lease

To ensure the right to construct and operate a wind farm at the preferred location, the company or the collaboration partner engage the landowners to negotiate a land lease agreement. The land lease agreement is normally for a 30 years period and payments are a fixed amount per turbine, where payments commence once the wind farm is in operation.

Wind

Wind measurements

Once the company has located, or been presented, for a suitable site for a potential wind farm, the Company commences measuring and collecting wind data. Measurement of wind is performed by erection of a wind mast in the expected height of the wind turbine. The Company has a procedure according to which wind conditions should be monitored for at least one year, often supported by wind data generated by reference measuring stations over a longer period. If the wind measurements are satisfactory, the Company will go to the next step of the project development.

Permits

Authority permits

In order to construct and operate a wind energy project, The developer must obtain permits from various national, regional and local authorities. The large number of administrative entities involved can make the process of obtaining these permits long and complex. Procedures for the granting of required permits vary from one country to another. Furthermore, the time range of obtaining all required permits also vary from one country to another and even from one project to another. The Company estimates, that the procedure to obtain all permits has a time range of 1½ - 4 years.

Construction

Construction

Once the Company has developed the wind energy projects, secured the appropriate turbines and other key components and obtained project financing, the project can be constructed, usually taking from one to two years. This phase includes: engineering design and construction management work; earthwork and civil engineering (including preparation of the foundations for the turbine masts and preparing the access roads); the electrical work (i.e. laying the necessary cabling and installation of the transformer station to access the local electrical grid); and, finally, the installation of the technical components of the wind energy projects (i.e. the masts, turbines and rotor blades). The construction phase is completed once a series of commissioning tests have been conducted to verify that the wind energy project works as expected.

Operation

Operation

Following completion of construction, the wind energy project is commissioned into operation and will be operated by an operation and maintenance subcontractor, often the manufacturer of the turbines. The electricity produced by the wind energy project is sold to the local utility or another off-taker under long term purchase contracts or at national tariffs specified by law. In addition, wind energy projects in certain countries may be eligible for Renewable Energy Certificates (?Green Certificates?) that are provided in relation to the amount of renewable energy generated. Such Green Certificates are a tradable commodity and can be sold in organised markets for additional revenue. The life of a wind energy project is generally assumed to be 20 years, in accordance with the expected useful life of a turbine, although it can be extended for much longer, depending on the maintenance and refurbishment of the turbines.